Friday, December 19, 2014

Colons

HOW TO WRITE CLEARLY IN ENGLISH: COLONS.

Colons and semicolons- We have already looked at the use of the semicolon. Here are the rules for the colon ( : ). [1]

Colons usually come at the end of an independent sentence and introduce…
1.    lists
2.     descriptive phrases or words (but ones that are not complete sentences)
3.     direct quotations of what people have said or written
Remember, do not capitalize the first word after a colon. Do that only if it is a proper noun (the name of a person, place or thing – e.g. a company), or the first word of another sentence as you might find in use number 3.
Examples:
à before a list
-Please bring the following to the final exam: your powerpoint presentation, a printed copy, and a CD version of it.
àbefore a descriptive word or phrase
            -Dorian Grey had one great love in his life: himself.
            -Doctors should all have two important abilities: the ability to listen, and to analyze.
àbefore a direct quotation
-Mark Twain, the great American writer, once said: “To succeed in life, you need two things: ignorance and confidence.”
-The best advice I ever got in life was from my high school English teacher who said: “Remember to stop and smell the roses along the way.”

Practice: Check the sentences for the correct use, or not, of colons.
1    Girls in my country  look forward to an important event in their lives their 16th birthday.
2  Two causes of prejudice are the following ignorance and fear.
3  When you go hiking in the woods, you should always take these items with you a knife, a flashlight, a first aid kit, extra water and food, a change of clothes, a map, a compass, matches or a lighter, and a whislte.
4  My mother’s parents grew up in the 1930s and had kids in the 1940s. They didn’t approve of these activities smoking, drinking, dancing, watching TV, or driving around with friends on Sundays.




[1] Explanation of the rules inspired by The Essentials of English A Writer’s Handbook, pp. 210-212. Author: Ann Hogue. Published by Longman, White Plains, N.Y. in 2003.

Friday, December 12, 2014

Oral Summaries of published news articles-Levels B2, C1

Giving Oral Summaries of Articles

Zero Waste Collection Design: Daniel Silverstein

Here is an Amazing account of how Daniel Silverstein makes sure nothing goes to waste when he designs a collection.  He was featured on the blog "Trash is for Tossers" by Lauren Singer in New York City.

http://www.trashisfortossers.com/2014/10/the-piece-project-part-one.html

For selected students, you will read this article and orally summarize it in class, using the expressions we have studied.

All other students: you already have your article cut from the New York Times' Luxury Conference special newspaper supplement.

Everyone will have to summarize the main points and use some of these expressions:

Objectives:
-What I'd like to present to you today is...
-I'm / we're here today to present a summary of...
-Today's topic is...
-The subject of my/ our presentation is...
-In my/our presentation I/we would like to give you an overview of...
-In our summary, we'll tell you about...
-The purpose / objective / aim of our presentation is...
-Our goal is to give you a summary of...
-What we'd like to show you is...
-Today, we'll be showing you... /we'll be explaining the main points of...

Sequencing & dividing your presentation or oral summary
-we've divided our summary into (2) parts...
-In our presentation, we'll focus on (2 ) parts...
-First, we'll be looking at... / second... / and third...
-We'll begin / start off by talking about....... & then move on to...
  (then) (next) after that...
-Point one deals with...
Point two... and point three with...
-We'll end with...

Transitioning between points:
Introducting a point:
    -So, let me give you a brief overview of...
   -So, let's take a look at the first point.
    - This now leads us to....(point number 2)
     -Let's turn now to the next point / topic / issue
     -Let's turn our attention to...
     -Moving on to point three, you will notice how different it is...

concluding points
 - And that's how a zero waste collection is planned.
- This brings me to the end of my first point
-That's the background on... / that's the summary of the second point.
-That's all to be said about (point number 3)

Referring Back to something you have already said
-As I said / mentioned earlier / before
-Let me come back to what I said before
-Let's go back to what we were disucssing earlier
-As I've already explained
-As I pointed out in the first part...

Friday, December 5, 2014

Punctuation & Comparatives


WRITING CLEARLY IN ENGLISH:
HOW TO RESPECT SENTENCE BOUNDARIES

A) Does this sentence have correct sentence boundaries? Why or why not?

            Example:  To which brands are you loyal?
                       "ASOS is a brand that reflects my taste, I always find something I could wear: it doesn’t happen in other cases with different brands that don’t have the same style, so it’s possible that some ASOS collections excite me."

B) Read the rules about sentence boundaries. Do you want to revise your answer in A?
 ; = the semicolon

Definition: A semicolon is more like a period than like a comma because it is used between independent clauses, not within them.

Use a semicolon between two independent clauses when the relationship between them is clear without a connecting word. [A connecting word is : and, but, or].
                       -Some dogs love water; all cats hate it.
-My older brother is in his last year of university; my younger brother is still in high school.
C) Practice.  Insert the semicolon where necessary.
1  It’s a beautiful day the sun is shining and the birds are singing.
2  The rain comes often and in large amounts in Rome I like it very much because I can wear my favorite rain boots and pretend I have a horse farm.
3  Brand loyalty is very important for companies in the fashion business it is a guarantee of income because customers will continue to buy their products they like them very much.
4  Unilever makes a lot of products I can’t remember how many but it’s impressive.
5  I don’t think there is a brand that features clothing and food at the same time I don’t know if it exists, really.
D) Practice. Read the paragraph and decide if the sentences need a semicolon ( ; ) or a period ( . ) between its independent clauses. Remember to capitalize the beginnings.
On Friday night my roommate and I went to a movie we returned to our apartment around 11:00 pm as we approached our front door we could tell something was wrong the front door was open entering cautiously we immediately saw that the place had been burglarized in the living room all our books and CDs lay scattered on the floor the furniture had been overturned there was glass everywhere the television was gone we went next door and called the police immediately they did not arrive until two hours later.

How to write comparative sentences

 There are a few ways to show a comparison in English:
·      Use   ‘but’ ‘however’ ‘instead’ :  My oldest sister lives in California. But, my younger sister lives in Arizona.
·      My oldest sister lives in California. However, my younger sister lives in Arizona. 
·       My oldest sister lives in California. Instead, my youngest sister lives in Arizona.
·      Use ‘while’:  While my oldest sister lives in California, my youngest sister lives in Arizona.
·      Use ‘would rather’ + base verb:  I don’t like H & M’s clothing. I would rather shop at the GAP because I’m a very practical person and I like their minimalist style.
·      Use On the one hand / On the other hand / From a ______point of view…  
-On the one hand, H & M has attractive styles because they are current, and cheap. On the other hand, it doesn’t always reflect my personal style.
 -From a trendy point of view, it might be a good idea to shop at H&M, also because it has good prices. In any case, I really don’t think H & M reflects my personal taste for clothes, so I would rather shop at the GAP.
Practice:  Combine the ideas to show comparisons.
     Example:  My favorite color is green. My best friend prefers blue.

-My favorite color is green, but  my best friend prefers blue.   
-My favorite color is green, while my friend prefers blue.
-I love green as a color. My friend would rather see everything in blue since that is her favorite color.

A) Revise the paragraph comparing two brand styles. Use the words given in the explanation above.
Zara produces clothing on an industrial scale, in large quantities, and on their store floor you can find products in line with the current styles, inspired by the big brands. The quality of their products is different from Luisa Spagnoli’s. The Luisa Spagnoli brand is different also from other points of view. Their stores refer to the idea of the old ateliers. On the other hand, the Zara stores are department stores with a large selection of items.
B)  Write a concluding thought to finish the idea thread in this paragraph.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              





[1] Definitions and some examples from The Essentials of English: A Writer’s Handbook by Ann Hogue, Longman Publishers, 2003, White Plains, NY, USA.